637 lines
23 KiB
Rust
637 lines
23 KiB
Rust
// Copyright (C) 2021 Scott Lamb <slamb@slamb.org>
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// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT OR Apache-2.0
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//! Proof-of-concept `.mp4` writer.
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//!
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//! This writes media data (`mdat`) to a stream, buffering parameters for a
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//! `moov` atom at the end. This avoids the need to buffer the media data
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//! (`mdat`) first or reserved a fixed size for the `moov`, but it will slow
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//! playback, particularly when serving `.mp4` files remotely.
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//!
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//! For a more high-quality implementation, see [Moonfire NVR](https://github.com/scottlamb/moonfire-nvr).
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//! It's better tested, places the `moov` atom at the start, can do HTTP range
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//! serving for arbitrary time ranges, and supports standard and fragmented
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//! `.mp4` files.
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//!
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//! See the BMFF spec, ISO/IEC 14496-12:2015:
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//! https://github.com/scottlamb/moonfire-nvr/wiki/Standards-and-specifications
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//! https://standards.iso.org/ittf/PubliclyAvailableStandards/c068960_ISO_IEC_14496-12_2015.zip
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use anyhow::{anyhow, bail, Error};
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use bytes::{Buf, BufMut, BytesMut};
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use futures::StreamExt;
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use log::info;
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use retina::codec::{AudioParameters, CodecItem, VideoParameters};
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use std::convert::TryFrom;
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use std::io::SeekFrom;
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use std::num::NonZeroU32;
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use std::path::PathBuf;
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use tokio::io::{AsyncSeek, AsyncSeekExt, AsyncWrite, AsyncWriteExt};
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#[derive(structopt::StructOpt)]
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pub struct Opts {
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#[structopt(flatten)]
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src: super::Source,
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#[structopt(default_value, long)]
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initial_timestamp: retina::client::InitialTimestampPolicy,
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#[structopt(long)]
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no_video: bool,
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#[structopt(long)]
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no_audio: bool,
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#[structopt(long)]
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allow_loss: bool,
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#[structopt(long)]
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ignore_spurious_data: bool,
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#[structopt(parse(try_from_str))]
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out: PathBuf,
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}
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/// Writes a box length for everything appended in the supplied scope.
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macro_rules! write_box {
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($buf:expr, $fourcc:expr, $b:block) => {{
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let _: &mut BytesMut = $buf; // type-check.
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let pos_start = $buf.len();
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let fourcc: &[u8; 4] = $fourcc;
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$buf.extend_from_slice(&[0, 0, 0, 0, fourcc[0], fourcc[1], fourcc[2], fourcc[3]]);
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let r = {
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$b;
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};
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let pos_end = $buf.len();
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let len = pos_end.checked_sub(pos_start).unwrap();
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$buf[pos_start..pos_start + 4].copy_from_slice(&u32::try_from(len)?.to_be_bytes()[..]);
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r
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}};
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}
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async fn write_all_buf<W: AsyncWrite + Unpin, B: Buf>(
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writer: &mut W,
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buf: &mut B,
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) -> Result<(), Error> {
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// TODO: this doesn't use vectored I/O. Annoying.
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while buf.has_remaining() {
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writer.write_buf(buf).await?;
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}
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Ok(())
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}
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/// Writes `.mp4` data to a sink.
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/// See module-level documentation for details.
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pub struct Mp4Writer<W: AsyncWrite + AsyncSeek + Send + Unpin> {
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mdat_start: u32,
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mdat_pos: u32,
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video_params: Option<Box<VideoParameters>>,
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audio_params: Option<Box<AudioParameters>>,
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allow_loss: bool,
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/// The (1-indexed) video sample (frame) number of each sync sample (random access point).
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video_sync_sample_nums: Vec<u32>,
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video_trak: TrakTracker,
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audio_trak: TrakTracker,
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inner: W,
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}
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/// Tracks the parts of a `trak` atom which are common between video and audio samples.
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#[derive(Default)]
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struct TrakTracker {
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samples: u32,
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next_pos: Option<u32>,
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chunks: Vec<(u32, u32)>, // (1-based sample_number, byte_pos)
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sizes: Vec<u32>,
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/// The durations of samples in a run-length encoding form: (number of samples, duration).
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/// This lags one sample behind calls to `add_sample` because each sample's duration
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/// is calculated using the PTS of the following sample.
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durations: Vec<(u32, u32)>,
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last_pts: Option<i64>,
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tot_duration: u64,
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}
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impl TrakTracker {
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fn add_sample(
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&mut self,
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pos: u32,
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size: u32,
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timestamp: retina::Timestamp,
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loss: u16,
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allow_loss: bool,
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) -> Result<(), Error> {
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if self.samples > 0 && loss > 0 && !allow_loss {
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bail!("Lost {} RTP packets mid-stream", loss);
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}
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self.samples += 1;
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if self.next_pos != Some(pos) {
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self.chunks.push((self.samples, pos));
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}
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self.sizes.push(size);
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self.next_pos = Some(pos + size);
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if let Some(last_pts) = self.last_pts.replace(timestamp.timestamp()) {
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let duration = timestamp.timestamp().checked_sub(last_pts).unwrap();
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self.tot_duration += u64::try_from(duration).unwrap();
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let duration = u32::try_from(duration)?;
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match self.durations.last_mut() {
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Some((s, d)) if *d == duration => *s += 1,
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_ => self.durations.push((1, duration)),
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}
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}
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Ok(())
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}
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fn finish(&mut self) {
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if self.last_pts.is_some() {
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self.durations.push((1, 0));
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}
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}
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/// Estimates the sum of the variable-sized portions of the data.
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fn size_estimate(&self) -> usize {
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(self.durations.len() * 8) + // stts
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(self.chunks.len() * 12) + // stsc
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(self.sizes.len() * 4) + // stsz
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(self.chunks.len() * 4) // stco
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}
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fn write_common_stbl_parts(&self, buf: &mut BytesMut) -> Result<(), Error> {
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// TODO: add an edit list so the video and audio tracks are in sync.
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write_box!(buf, b"stts", {
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buf.put_u32(0);
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buf.put_u32(u32::try_from(self.durations.len())?);
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for (samples, duration) in &self.durations {
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buf.put_u32(*samples);
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buf.put_u32(*duration);
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}
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"stsc", {
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buf.put_u32(0); // version
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buf.put_u32(u32::try_from(self.chunks.len())?);
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let mut prev_sample_number = 1;
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let mut chunk_number = 1;
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if !self.chunks.is_empty() {
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for &(sample_number, _pos) in &self.chunks[1..] {
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buf.put_u32(chunk_number);
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buf.put_u32(sample_number - prev_sample_number);
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buf.put_u32(1); // sample_description_index
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prev_sample_number = sample_number;
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chunk_number += 1;
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}
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buf.put_u32(chunk_number);
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buf.put_u32(self.samples + 1 - prev_sample_number);
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buf.put_u32(1); // sample_description_index
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}
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"stsz", {
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buf.put_u32(0); // version
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buf.put_u32(0); // sample_size
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buf.put_u32(u32::try_from(self.sizes.len())?);
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for s in &self.sizes {
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buf.put_u32(*s);
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}
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"stco", {
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buf.put_u32(0); // version
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buf.put_u32(u32::try_from(self.chunks.len())?); // entry_count
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for &(_sample_number, pos) in &self.chunks {
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buf.put_u32(pos);
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}
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});
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Ok(())
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}
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}
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impl<W: AsyncWrite + AsyncSeek + Send + Unpin> Mp4Writer<W> {
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pub async fn new(
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video_params: Option<Box<VideoParameters>>,
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audio_params: Option<Box<AudioParameters>>,
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allow_loss: bool,
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mut inner: W,
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) -> Result<Self, Error> {
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let mut buf = BytesMut::new();
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write_box!(&mut buf, b"ftyp", {
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buf.extend_from_slice(&[
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b'i', b's', b'o', b'm', // major_brand
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0, 0, 0, 0, // minor_version
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b'i', b's', b'o', b'm', // compatible_brands[0]
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]);
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});
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buf.extend_from_slice(&b"\0\0\0\0mdat"[..]);
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let mdat_start = u32::try_from(buf.len())?;
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write_all_buf(&mut inner, &mut buf).await?;
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Ok(Mp4Writer {
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inner,
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video_params,
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audio_params,
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allow_loss,
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video_trak: TrakTracker::default(),
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audio_trak: TrakTracker::default(),
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video_sync_sample_nums: Vec::new(),
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mdat_start,
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mdat_pos: mdat_start,
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})
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}
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pub async fn finish(mut self) -> Result<(), Error> {
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self.video_trak.finish();
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self.audio_trak.finish();
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let mut buf = BytesMut::with_capacity(
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1024 + self.video_trak.size_estimate()
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+ self.audio_trak.size_estimate()
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+ 4 * self.video_sync_sample_nums.len(),
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);
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write_box!(&mut buf, b"moov", {
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write_box!(&mut buf, b"mvhd", {
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buf.put_u32(1 << 24); // version
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buf.put_u64(0); // creation_time
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buf.put_u64(0); // modification_time
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buf.put_u32(90000); // timescale
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buf.put_u64(self.video_trak.tot_duration);
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buf.put_u32(0x00010000); // rate
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buf.put_u16(0x0100); // volume
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buf.put_u16(0); // reserved
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buf.put_u64(0); // reserved
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for v in &[0x00010000, 0, 0, 0, 0x00010000, 0, 0, 0, 0x40000000] {
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buf.put_u32(*v); // matrix
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}
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for _ in 0..6 {
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buf.put_u32(0); // pre_defined
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}
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buf.put_u32(2); // next_track_id
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});
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if let Some(p) = self.video_params.as_ref() {
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self.write_video_trak(&mut buf, p)?;
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}
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if let Some(p) = self.audio_params.as_ref() {
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self.write_audio_trak(&mut buf, p)?;
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}
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});
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write_all_buf(&mut self.inner, &mut buf.freeze()).await?;
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self.inner
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.seek(SeekFrom::Start(u64::from(self.mdat_start - 8)))
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.await?;
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self.inner
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.write_all(&u32::try_from(self.mdat_pos + 8 - self.mdat_start)?.to_be_bytes()[..])
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.await?;
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Ok(())
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}
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fn write_video_trak(
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&self,
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buf: &mut BytesMut,
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parameters: &VideoParameters,
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) -> Result<(), Error> {
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write_box!(buf, b"trak", {
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write_box!(buf, b"tkhd", {
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buf.put_u32((1 << 24) | 7); // version, flags
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buf.put_u64(0); // creation_time
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buf.put_u64(0); // modification_time
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buf.put_u32(1); // track_id
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buf.put_u32(0); // reserved
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buf.put_u64(self.video_trak.tot_duration);
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buf.put_u64(0); // reserved
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buf.put_u16(0); // layer
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buf.put_u16(0); // alternate_group
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buf.put_u16(0); // volume
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buf.put_u16(0); // reserved
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for v in &[0x00010000, 0, 0, 0, 0x00010000, 0, 0, 0, 0x40000000] {
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buf.put_u32(*v); // matrix
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}
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let dims = self
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.video_params
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.as_ref()
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.map(|p| p.pixel_dimensions())
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.unwrap_or((0, 0));
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let width = u32::from(u16::try_from(dims.0)?) << 16;
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let height = u32::from(u16::try_from(dims.1)?) << 16;
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buf.put_u32(width);
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buf.put_u32(height);
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"mdia", {
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write_box!(buf, b"mdhd", {
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buf.put_u32(1 << 24); // version
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buf.put_u64(0); // creation_time
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buf.put_u64(0); // modification_time
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buf.put_u32(90000); // timebase
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buf.put_u64(self.video_trak.tot_duration);
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buf.put_u32(0x55c40000); // language=und + pre-defined
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"hdlr", {
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buf.extend_from_slice(&[
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // version + flags
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // pre_defined
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b'v', b'i', b'd', b'e', // handler = vide
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // reserved[0]
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // reserved[1]
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // reserved[2]
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0x00, // name, zero-terminated (empty)
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]);
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"minf", {
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write_box!(buf, b"vmhd", {
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buf.put_u32(1);
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buf.put_u64(0);
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"dinf", {
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write_box!(buf, b"dref", {
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buf.put_u32(0);
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buf.put_u32(1); // entry_count
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write_box!(buf, b"url ", {
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buf.put_u32(1); // version, flags=self-contained
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});
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});
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"stbl", {
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write_box!(buf, b"stsd", {
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buf.put_u32(0); // version
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buf.put_u32(1); // entry_count
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self.write_video_sample_entry(buf, parameters)?;
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});
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self.video_trak.write_common_stbl_parts(buf)?;
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write_box!(buf, b"stss", {
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buf.put_u32(0); // version
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buf.put_u32(u32::try_from(self.video_sync_sample_nums.len())?);
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for n in &self.video_sync_sample_nums {
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buf.put_u32(*n);
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}
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});
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});
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});
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});
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});
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Ok(())
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}
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fn write_audio_trak(
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&self,
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buf: &mut BytesMut,
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parameters: &AudioParameters,
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) -> Result<(), Error> {
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write_box!(buf, b"trak", {
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write_box!(buf, b"tkhd", {
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buf.put_u32((1 << 24) | 7); // version, flags
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buf.put_u64(0); // creation_time
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buf.put_u64(0); // modification_time
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buf.put_u32(2); // track_id
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buf.put_u32(0); // reserved
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buf.put_u64(self.audio_trak.tot_duration);
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buf.put_u64(0); // reserved
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buf.put_u16(0); // layer
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buf.put_u16(0); // alternate_group
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buf.put_u16(0); // volume
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buf.put_u16(0); // reserved
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for v in &[0x00010000, 0, 0, 0, 0x00010000, 0, 0, 0, 0x40000000] {
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buf.put_u32(*v); // matrix
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}
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buf.put_u32(0); // width
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buf.put_u32(0); // height
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"mdia", {
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write_box!(buf, b"mdhd", {
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buf.put_u32(1 << 24); // version
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buf.put_u64(0); // creation_time
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buf.put_u64(0); // modification_time
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buf.put_u32(parameters.clock_rate());
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buf.put_u64(self.audio_trak.tot_duration);
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buf.put_u32(0x55c40000); // language=und + pre-defined
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"hdlr", {
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buf.extend_from_slice(&[
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // version + flags
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // pre_defined
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b's', b'o', b'u', b'n', // handler = soun
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // reserved[0]
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // reserved[1]
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // reserved[2]
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0x00, // name, zero-terminated (empty)
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]);
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"minf", {
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write_box!(buf, b"smhd", {
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buf.extend_from_slice(&[
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0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // version + flags
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0x00, 0x00, // balance
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0x00, 0x00, // reserved
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]);
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"dinf", {
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write_box!(buf, b"dref", {
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buf.put_u32(0);
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buf.put_u32(1); // entry_count
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write_box!(buf, b"url ", {
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buf.put_u32(1); // version, flags=self-contained
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});
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});
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"stbl", {
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write_box!(buf, b"stsd", {
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buf.put_u32(0); // version
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buf.put_u32(1); // entry_count
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buf.extend_from_slice(¶meters.sample_entry().unwrap()[..]);
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});
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self.audio_trak.write_common_stbl_parts(buf)?;
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// AAC requires two samples (really, each is a set of 960 or 1024 samples)
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// to decode accurately. See
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// https://developer.apple.com/library/archive/documentation/QuickTime/QTFF/QTFFAppenG/QTFFAppenG.html .
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write_box!(buf, b"sgpd", {
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// BMFF section 8.9.3: SampleGroupDescriptionBox
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buf.put_u32(0); // version
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buf.extend_from_slice(b"roll"); // grouping type
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buf.put_u32(1); // entry_count
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// BMFF section 10.1: AudioRollRecoveryEntry
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buf.put_i16(-1); // roll_distance
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});
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write_box!(buf, b"sbgp", {
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// BMFF section 8.9.2: SampleToGroupBox
|
|
buf.put_u32(0); // version
|
|
buf.extend_from_slice(b"roll"); // grouping type
|
|
buf.put_u32(1); // entry_count
|
|
buf.put_u32(self.audio_trak.samples);
|
|
buf.put_u32(1); // group_description_index
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
Ok(())
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
fn write_video_sample_entry(
|
|
&self,
|
|
buf: &mut BytesMut,
|
|
parameters: &VideoParameters,
|
|
) -> Result<(), Error> {
|
|
// TODO: this should move to client::VideoParameters::sample_entry() or some such.
|
|
write_box!(buf, b"avc1", {
|
|
buf.put_u32(0);
|
|
buf.put_u32(1); // data_reference_index = 1
|
|
buf.extend_from_slice(&[0; 16]);
|
|
buf.put_u16(u16::try_from(parameters.pixel_dimensions().0)?);
|
|
buf.put_u16(u16::try_from(parameters.pixel_dimensions().1)?);
|
|
buf.extend_from_slice(&[
|
|
0x00, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00, // horizresolution
|
|
0x00, 0x48, 0x00, 0x00, // vertresolution
|
|
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // reserved
|
|
0x00, 0x01, // frame count
|
|
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, // compressorname
|
|
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //
|
|
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //
|
|
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //
|
|
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //
|
|
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //
|
|
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //
|
|
0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, //
|
|
0x00, 0x18, 0xff, 0xff, // depth + pre_defined
|
|
]);
|
|
write_box!(buf, b"avcC", {
|
|
buf.extend_from_slice(parameters.extra_data());
|
|
});
|
|
});
|
|
Ok(())
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
async fn video(&mut self, mut frame: retina::codec::VideoFrame) -> Result<(), Error> {
|
|
println!(
|
|
"{}: {}-byte video frame",
|
|
&frame.timestamp,
|
|
frame.data().remaining(),
|
|
);
|
|
if let Some(p) = frame.new_parameters.take() {
|
|
if self.video_trak.samples > 0 {
|
|
bail!("parameters change unimplemented. new parameters: {:#?}", p);
|
|
}
|
|
self.video_params = Some(p);
|
|
}
|
|
let size = u32::try_from(frame.data().remaining())?;
|
|
self.video_trak.add_sample(
|
|
self.mdat_pos,
|
|
size,
|
|
frame.timestamp,
|
|
frame.loss,
|
|
self.allow_loss,
|
|
)?;
|
|
self.mdat_pos = self
|
|
.mdat_pos
|
|
.checked_add(size)
|
|
.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("mdat_pos overflow"))?;
|
|
if frame.is_random_access_point {
|
|
self.video_sync_sample_nums
|
|
.push(u32::try_from(self.video_trak.samples)?);
|
|
}
|
|
let mut data = frame.into_data();
|
|
write_all_buf(&mut self.inner, &mut data).await?;
|
|
Ok(())
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
async fn audio(&mut self, mut frame: retina::codec::AudioFrame) -> Result<(), Error> {
|
|
println!(
|
|
"{}: {}-byte audio frame",
|
|
&frame.timestamp,
|
|
frame.data.remaining()
|
|
);
|
|
let size = u32::try_from(frame.data.remaining())?;
|
|
self.audio_trak.add_sample(
|
|
self.mdat_pos,
|
|
size,
|
|
frame.timestamp,
|
|
frame.loss,
|
|
self.allow_loss,
|
|
)?;
|
|
self.mdat_pos = self
|
|
.mdat_pos
|
|
.checked_add(size)
|
|
.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("mdat_pos overflow"))?;
|
|
write_all_buf(&mut self.inner, &mut frame.data).await?;
|
|
Ok(())
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
pub async fn run(opts: Opts) -> Result<(), Error> {
|
|
let creds = super::creds(opts.src.username, opts.src.password);
|
|
let stop = tokio::signal::ctrl_c();
|
|
let mut session = retina::client::Session::describe(
|
|
opts.src.url,
|
|
retina::client::SessionOptions::default()
|
|
.creds(creds)
|
|
.user_agent("Retina mp4 example".to_owned())
|
|
.ignore_spurious_data(opts.ignore_spurious_data),
|
|
)
|
|
.await?;
|
|
let video_stream = if !opts.no_video {
|
|
session
|
|
.streams()
|
|
.iter()
|
|
.enumerate()
|
|
.find_map(|(i, s)| match s.parameters() {
|
|
Some(retina::codec::Parameters::Video(v)) => Some((i, v.clone())),
|
|
_ => None,
|
|
})
|
|
} else {
|
|
None
|
|
};
|
|
if let Some((i, _)) = video_stream {
|
|
session.setup(i).await?;
|
|
}
|
|
let audio_stream = if !opts.no_audio {
|
|
session
|
|
.streams()
|
|
.iter()
|
|
.enumerate()
|
|
.find_map(|(i, s)| match s.parameters() {
|
|
Some(retina::codec::Parameters::Audio(a)) => Some((i, a.clone())),
|
|
_ => None,
|
|
})
|
|
} else {
|
|
None
|
|
};
|
|
if let Some((i, _)) = audio_stream {
|
|
session.setup(i).await?;
|
|
}
|
|
let session = session
|
|
.play(
|
|
retina::client::PlayOptions::default()
|
|
.initial_timestamp(opts.initial_timestamp)
|
|
.enforce_timestamps_with_max_jump_secs(NonZeroU32::new(10).unwrap()),
|
|
)
|
|
.await?
|
|
.demuxed()?;
|
|
|
|
// Read RTP data.
|
|
let out = tokio::fs::File::create(opts.out).await?;
|
|
let mut mp4 = Mp4Writer::new(
|
|
video_stream.map(|(_, p)| Box::new(p)),
|
|
audio_stream.map(|(_, p)| Box::new(p)),
|
|
opts.allow_loss,
|
|
out,
|
|
)
|
|
.await?;
|
|
|
|
tokio::pin!(session);
|
|
tokio::pin!(stop);
|
|
loop {
|
|
tokio::select! {
|
|
pkt = session.next() => {
|
|
match pkt.ok_or_else(|| anyhow!("EOF"))?? {
|
|
CodecItem::VideoFrame(f) => mp4.video(f).await?,
|
|
CodecItem::AudioFrame(f) => mp4.audio(f).await?,
|
|
CodecItem::SenderReport(sr) => {
|
|
println!("{}: SR ts={}", sr.timestamp, sr.ntp_timestamp);
|
|
},
|
|
_ => continue,
|
|
};
|
|
},
|
|
_ = &mut stop => {
|
|
break;
|
|
},
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
info!("Stopping");
|
|
mp4.finish().await?;
|
|
Ok(())
|
|
}
|