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ch3/os/loader/fn.init_app_cx.html
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="get app info with entry and sp and save `TrapContext` in kernel stack"><title>init_app_cx in os::loader - Rust</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-4e54bb2b497cc83f.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="os" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.77.0-nightly (6ae4cfbbb 2024-01-17)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-dd67cee4cfa65049.js" data-settings-js="settings-4313503d2e1961c2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-f2adc0d6ca4d09fb.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-0b2e2def73e61cbe.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-04d5337699b92874.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-16x16-8b506e7a72182f1c.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-32x32-422f7d1d52889060.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../static.files/favicon-2c020d218678b618.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../../os/index.html">os</a><span class="version">0.1.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><h2><a href="index.html">In os::loader</a></h2></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div>
<main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><span></span><div id="sidebar-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../os/all.html" title="show sidebar"></a></div><input class="search-input" name="search" aria-label="Run search in the documentation" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../help.html" title="help">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../static.files/wheel-7b819b6101059cd0.svg"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Function <a href="../index.html">os</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">loader</a>::<wbr><a class="fn" href="#">init_app_cx</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../../static.files/clipboard-7571035ce49a181d.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../../src/os/loader.rs.html#93-98">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>&#x2212;</span>]</button></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn init_app_cx(app_id: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/primitive.usize.html">usize</a>) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/primitive.usize.html">usize</a></code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>get app info with entry and sp and save <code>TrapContext</code> in kernel stack</p>
<main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><span></span><div id="sidebar-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../os/all.html" title="show sidebar"></a></div><input class="search-input" name="search" aria-label="Run search in the documentation" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../help.html" title="help">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../static.files/wheel-7b819b6101059cd0.svg"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Function <a href="../index.html">os</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">loader</a>::<wbr><a class="fn" href="#">init_app_cx</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../../static.files/clipboard-7571035ce49a181d.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../../src/os/loader.rs.html#98-103">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>&#x2212;</span>]</button></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn init_app_cx(app_id: <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/primitive.usize.html">usize</a>) -&gt; <a class="primitive" href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/nightly/core/primitive.usize.html">usize</a></code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>get app info with entry and sp and save <code>TrapContext</code> in kernel stack</p>
</div></details></section></div></main></body></html>

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ch3/os/loader/fn.load_apps.html
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Load nth user app at [APP_BASE_ADDRESS + n * APP_SIZE_LIMIT, APP_BASE_ADDRESS + (n+1) * APP_SIZE_LIMIT)."><title>load_apps in os::loader - Rust</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-4e54bb2b497cc83f.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="os" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.77.0-nightly (6ae4cfbbb 2024-01-17)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-dd67cee4cfa65049.js" data-settings-js="settings-4313503d2e1961c2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-f2adc0d6ca4d09fb.js"></script><script defer src="sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-0b2e2def73e61cbe.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-04d5337699b92874.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-16x16-8b506e7a72182f1c.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-32x32-422f7d1d52889060.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../static.files/favicon-2c020d218678b618.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc fn"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../../os/index.html">os</a><span class="version">0.1.0</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><h2><a href="index.html">In os::loader</a></h2></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div>
<main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><span></span><div id="sidebar-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../os/all.html" title="show sidebar"></a></div><input class="search-input" name="search" aria-label="Run search in the documentation" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../help.html" title="help">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../static.files/wheel-7b819b6101059cd0.svg"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Function <a href="../index.html">os</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">loader</a>::<wbr><a class="fn" href="#">load_apps</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../../static.files/clipboard-7571035ce49a181d.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../../src/os/loader.rs.html#66-90">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>&#x2212;</span>]</button></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn load_apps()</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Load nth user app at
<main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><span></span><div id="sidebar-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../os/all.html" title="show sidebar"></a></div><input class="search-input" name="search" aria-label="Run search in the documentation" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../help.html" title="help">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../static.files/wheel-7b819b6101059cd0.svg"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Function <a href="../index.html">os</a>::<wbr><a href="index.html">loader</a>::<wbr><a class="fn" href="#">load_apps</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../../static.files/clipboard-7571035ce49a181d.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../../src/os/loader.rs.html#66-95">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>&#x2212;</span>]</button></span></div><pre class="rust item-decl"><code>pub fn load_apps()</code></pre><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Load nth user app at
[APP_BASE_ADDRESS + n * APP_SIZE_LIMIT, APP_BASE_ADDRESS + (n+1) * APP_SIZE_LIMIT).</p>
</div></details></section></div></main></body></html>

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ch3/os/loader/index.html
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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Loading user applications into memory"><title>os::loader - Rust</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-4e54bb2b497cc83f.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="os" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.77.0-nightly (6ae4cfbbb 2024-01-17)" data-channel="nightly" data-search-js="search-dd67cee4cfa65049.js" data-settings-js="settings-4313503d2e1961c2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-f2adc0d6ca4d09fb.js"></script><script defer src="../sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-0b2e2def73e61cbe.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-04d5337699b92874.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-16x16-8b506e7a72182f1c.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-32x32-422f7d1d52889060.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../static.files/favicon-2c020d218678b618.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc mod"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../../os/index.html">os</a><span class="version">0.1.0</span></h2></div><h2 class="location"><a href="#">Module loader</a></h2><div class="sidebar-elems"><section><ul class="block"><li><a href="#structs">Structs</a></li><li><a href="#statics">Statics</a></li><li><a href="#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></section><h2><a href="../index.html">In crate os</a></h2></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div>
<main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><span></span><div id="sidebar-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../os/all.html" title="show sidebar"></a></div><input class="search-input" name="search" aria-label="Run search in the documentation" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../help.html" title="help">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../static.files/wheel-7b819b6101059cd0.svg"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Module <a href="../index.html">os</a>::<wbr><a class="mod" href="#">loader</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../../static.files/clipboard-7571035ce49a181d.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../../src/os/loader.rs.html#1-98">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>&#x2212;</span>]</button></span></div><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Loading user applications into memory</p>
<main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><span></span><div id="sidebar-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../os/all.html" title="show sidebar"></a></div><input class="search-input" name="search" aria-label="Run search in the documentation" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../help.html" title="help">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../static.files/wheel-7b819b6101059cd0.svg"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Module <a href="../index.html">os</a>::<wbr><a class="mod" href="#">loader</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../../static.files/clipboard-7571035ce49a181d.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../../src/os/loader.rs.html#1-103">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>&#x2212;</span>]</button></span></div><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Loading user applications into memory</p>
<p>For chapter 3, user applications are simply part of the data included in the
kernel binary, so we only need to copy them to the space allocated for each
app to load them. We also allocate fixed spaces for each task’s

18
ch3/src/os/loader.rs.html
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@ -98,6 +98,11 @@
<a href="#96" id="96">96</a>
<a href="#97" id="97">97</a>
<a href="#98" id="98">98</a>
<a href="#99" id="99">99</a>
<a href="#100" id="100">100</a>
<a href="#101" id="101">101</a>
<a href="#102" id="102">102</a>
<a href="#103" id="103">103</a>
</pre></div><pre class="rust"><code><span class="doccomment">//! Loading user applications into memory
//!
//! For chapter 3, user applications are simply part of the data included in the
@ -170,10 +175,6 @@
<span class="kw">let </span>num_app_ptr = _num_app <span class="kw">as </span>usize <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*const </span>usize;
<span class="kw">let </span>num_app = get_num_app();
<span class="kw">let </span>app_start = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ core::slice::from_raw_parts(num_app_ptr.add(<span class="number">1</span>), num_app + <span class="number">1</span>) };
<span class="comment">// clear i-cache first
</span><span class="kw">unsafe </span>{
<span class="macro">asm!</span>(<span class="string">"fence.i"</span>);
}
<span class="comment">// load apps
</span><span class="kw">for </span>i <span class="kw">in </span><span class="number">0</span>..num_app {
<span class="kw">let </span>base_i = get_base_i(i);
@ -187,6 +188,15 @@
<span class="kw">let </span>dst = <span class="kw">unsafe </span>{ core::slice::from_raw_parts_mut(base_i <span class="kw">as </span><span class="kw-2">*mut </span>u8, src.len()) };
dst.copy_from_slice(src);
}
<span class="comment">// Memory fence about fetching the instruction memory
// It is guaranteed that a subsequent instruction fetch must
// observes all previous writes to the instruction memory.
// Therefore, fence.i must be executed after we have loaded
// the code of the next app into the instruction memory.
// See also: riscv non-priv spec chapter 3, 'Zifencei' extension.
</span><span class="kw">unsafe </span>{
<span class="macro">asm!</span>(<span class="string">"fence.i"</span>);
}
}
<span class="doccomment">/// get app info with entry and sp and save `TrapContext` in kernel stack