2021-08-13 05:13:17 +04:00
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| _ | / _ \ | | _ ) (
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|_| |_| \___| |_| |_| /_/ \_\
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A post-modern modal text editor.
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_________________________________________________________________
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Welcome to the Helix editor! Helix is different from editors
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you might be used to in that it is modal, meaning that it has
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different modes for editing text. The primary modes you will
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use are Normal mode and Insert mode. While in Normal mode, the
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keys you press won't actually type text. Instead, they will
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perform various actions with the text. This allows for more
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efficient editing. This tutor will teach you how you can make
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use of Helix's modal editing features. To begin, ensure your
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caps-lock key is not pressed and hold the j key until you reach
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the first lesson.
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=================================================================
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= BASIC CURSOR MOVEMENT =
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=================================================================
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↑
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k * h is on the left
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← h l → * l is on the right
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j * j looks like a down arrow
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↓
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The cursor can be moved using the h, j, k, l keys, as shown
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above. The cursor/arrow keys will also work, but it is faster
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to use the hjkl keys as they are closer to the other keys you
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will be using. Try moving around to get a feel for hjkl.
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Once you're ready, hold j to continue to the next lesson.
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=================================================================
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= EXITING HELIX =
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=================================================================
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1. Press the : key to enter command mode. Your cursor will
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move to the bottom of the screen.
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2. Type q or quit and press <ENTER> to exit Helix.
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Note: The quit command will fail if there are unsaved changes.
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To force quit and DISCARD these changes, use q! or quit!.
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You will learn how to save files later.
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To exit command mode without entering a command, press <ESC>.
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Now, move on to the next lesson.
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=================================================================
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= DELETION =
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=================================================================
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Press the d key to delete the character under the cursor.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move the cursor to each extra character, and press d to
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delete it.
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--> Thhiss senttencee haass exxtra charracterss.
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Once the sentence is correct, move on to the next lesson.
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=================================================================
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= INSERT MODE =
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=================================================================
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Press the i key to enter Insert mode.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move to a place in the line which is missing text and press
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i to enter Insert mode. Keys you press will now type text.
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3. Enter the missing text.
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4. Press <ESC> to exit Insert mode and return to Normal mode.
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5. Repeat until the line matches the line below it.
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--> Th stce misg so.
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This sentence is missing some text.
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Note: If you want to move the cursor while in Insert mode,
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you may use the arrow keys instead of exiting and
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reentering Insert mode.
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Note: The status bar will display your current mode.
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Notice that when you press i, 'NOR' changes to 'INS'.
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=================================================================
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= MORE ON INSERT MODE =
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=================================================================
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As you saw, you can press i to enter Insert mode at the current
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position of the cursor. There are a few other ways you can
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enter Insert mode at different locations.
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Common examples of insertion commands include:
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i - Insert before the selection.
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2021-10-16 07:47:45 +04:00
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a - Insert after the selection. (a means 'append')
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2021-08-13 05:13:17 +04:00
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I - Insert at the start of the line.
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A - Insert at the end of the line.
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1. Move to anywhere in the line below marked -->.
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2. Press A (<SHIFT> + a), your cursor will move to the end of
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the line and you will be able to type.
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3. Type the text necessary to match the line below.
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--> This sentence is miss
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This sentence is missing some text.
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=================================================================
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= SAVING A FILE =
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=================================================================
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Use :w/:write to save a file.
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1. Exit Helix using :q! as explained before, or open a new
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terminal.
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2. Open a file in Helix by running: hx FILENAME
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3. Make some edits to the file.
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4. Press the : key to enter command mode.
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5. Type w or write, and press <ENTER> to save the file.
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You can also use wq or write-quit to save and exit.
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Note: You can optionally enter a filepath after the w/write
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command in order to save to that path.
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Note: If there are any unsaved changes to a file, a plus [+]
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will appear next to the file name in the status bar.
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=================================================================
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= RECAP =
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=================================================================
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* Use the h,j,k,l keys to move the cursor.
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* Press : to enter command mode.
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* The q/quit and q!/quit! commands will exit Helix. The
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former fails when there are unsaved changes. The latter
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discards them.
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* The w/write command will save the file.
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* The wq/write-quit command will do both.
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* Press d to delete the character at the cursor.
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* Press i to enter Insert mode and type text. Press <ESC> to
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return to Normal mode.
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=================================================================
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= MOTIONS AND SELECTIONS =
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Press w to select forward until the next word.
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The d key doesn't actually delete the character at the cursor,
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it deletes all selected text. Your cursor is like a
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single-character selection.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move to the beginning of a word that needs to be deleted.
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3. Press w to select until the beginning of the next word.
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4. Press d to delete the selection.
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5. Repeat for all extra words in the line.
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--> This sentence pencil has vacuum extra words in the it.
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=================================================================
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= MORE ON MOTIONS =
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=================================================================
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As you saw, pressing w moves the cursor forward until the start
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of the next word, selecting the text traversed. This is useful
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for moving around text and for selecting text to operate on.
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Some common motions include:
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w - Move forward to before the beginning of the next word.
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e - Move forward to the end of the current word.
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b - Move backward to the beginning of the current word.
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The w,e,b motions also have counterparts - W,E,B - which
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traverse WORDS instead of words. WORDS are only separated by
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whitespace, whereas words can be separated by other characters
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in addition to whitespace.
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All of these motions select the text they traverse.
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2021-10-16 07:47:45 +04:00
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=================================================================
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= THE CHANGE COMMAND =
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Press c to change the current selection.
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The change command deletes the current selection and enters
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Insert mode, so it is a very common shorthand for di.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move to the start of an incorrect word and press w to
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select it.
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3. Press c to delete the word and enter Insert mode.
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4. Type the correct word.
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5. Repeat until the line matches the line below it.
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--> This paper has heavy words behind it.
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This sentence has incorrect words in it.
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=================================================================
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= COUNTS WITH MOTIONS =
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Type a number before a motion to repeat it that many times.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Type 2w to move 2 words forward.
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3. Type 3e to move to the end of the third word forward.
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4. Type 2b to move 2 words backwards
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5. Try the above with different numbers.
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--> This is just a line with words you can move around in.
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=================================================================
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= SELECTING LINES =
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Press x to select a whole line. Press again to select the next.
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1. Move the cursor to the second line below marked -->.
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2. Press x to select the line, and d to delete it.
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3. Move to the fourth line.
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4. Press x twice or type 2x to select 2 lines, and d to delete.
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--> 1) Roses are red,
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--> 2) Mud is fun,
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--> 3) Violets are blue,
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--> 4) I have a car,
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--> 5) Clocks tell time,
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--> 6) Sugar is sweet,
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--> 7) And so are you.
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=================================================================
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= UNDOING =
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Type u to undo. Type U to redo.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Move to the first error, and press d to delete it.
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3. Type u to undo your deletion.
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4. Fix all the errors on the line.
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5. Type u several times to undo your fixes.
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6. Type U (<SHIFT> + u) several times to redo your fixes.
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--> Fiix the errors on thhis line and reeplace them witth undo.
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=================================================================
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= RECAP =
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* Type w to select forward until the next word.
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* Type e to select to the end of the current word.
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* Type b to select backward to the start of the current word.
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* Use uppercase counterparts, W,E,B, to traverse WORDS.
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* Typing d deletes the entire selection, so you can delete a
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word forward by typing wd.
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* Type c to delete the selection and enter Insert mode.
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* Type a number before a motion to repeat it that many times.
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* Type x to select the entire current line. Type x again to
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select the next line.
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* Type u to undo. Type U to redo.
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=================================================================
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= MULTIPLE CURSORS =
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=================================================================
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Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next line.
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1. Move the cursor to the first line below marked -->.
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2. Type C to duplicate the cursor to the next line. Keys you
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press will now affect both cursors.
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3. Use Insert mode to correct the lines. The two cursors will
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fix both lines simultaneously.
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4. Type , to remove the second cursor.
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--> Fix th two nes at same ime.
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--> Fix th two nes at same ime.
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Fix these two lines at the same time.
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=================================================================
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= THE SELECT COMMAND =
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=================================================================
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Type s to select matches in the selection.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Press x to select the line.
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3. Press s. A prompt will appear.
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4. Type 'apples' and press <ENTER>. Both occurrences of
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'apples' in the line will be selected.
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5. You can now press c and change 'apples' to something else,
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like 'oranges'.
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6. Type , to remove the second cursor.
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--> I like to eat apples since my favorite fruit is apples.
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=================================================================
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= SELECTING VIA REGEX =
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=================================================================
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The select command selects regular expressions, not just exact
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matches, allowing you to target more complex patterns.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Select the line with x and then press s.
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3. Enter ' +' to select any amount of consecutive spaces >1.
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4. Press c and change the matches to single spaces.
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--> This sentence has some extra spaces.
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Note: If you want to perform find-and-replace, the select
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command is the way to do it. Select the text you want
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to replace in — type % to select the whole file — and
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then perform the steps explained above.
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=================================================================
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= COLLAPSING SELECTIONS =
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=================================================================
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Type ; to collapse selections to single cursors.
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Sometimes, you want to deselect without having to move the
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cursor(s). This can be done using the ; key.
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1. Move the cursor to the line below marked -->.
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2. Use the motions you have learned to move around the line,
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and try using ; to deselect the text after it is selected
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by the motions.
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--> This is an error-free line with words to move around in.
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2021-08-13 05:13:17 +04:00
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=================================================================
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This tutorial is still a work-in-progress.
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More sections are planned.
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